倒装结构基本句型是主语+谓语。如果将主语和谓语调换,称倒装句。倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。
一、全倒装主语和谓语交换位置不需要任何助动词,叫全倒装。
1、当here,there,out,in,up,down等副词放在句首时,句子需全倒装。There goes the bell!铃响了
注:主语必须为名词,如果是代词,不需要倒装。
例:Away he went.他走远了
2、方位状语在句首In front of the house stopped a police car房子前面停了一辆警车
二、半倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词,情态动词)放到主语前。
1.否定词引导半倒装如:little,never,not,no, hardly, rarely, seldom, few,nowhere,by no means,at no time,in no case,under no circumstances。
例:Never shall i forget you我永远不会忘记你
2、特殊否定短语引导半倒装如:not only...but also, hardly/scarcely...when, no sooner...than等连接两个并列句,连词在句首,前半句半倒装,后句不倒装。例:Not only is he a teacher,but he is also a poet他不仅是一位教师,而且是一位诗人
3、only+状语引导半倒装例:only then did i realize that i was wrong 直到那个时候我才认识到我错了
4、so/much 结构引导半倒装在so/such...that 句型中,当so/such在句首时,主句半倒装,that从句不倒。
例:So easy is it that a child can learn it这是如此的简单以至于小孩子都会
三、so......和neither/nor......的用法
1.so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语——此句型只限于肯定句中,表示“某人或某物情况也是如此”
例句:He has lost the address,so have i
他丢了地址,我也是
2.否定句要用neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示“某人或某物也不这样”
例句:I have never been to Beijing,neither has my brother
我从没有去过北京,我弟弟也没去过
3.若前面句子结构中既出现了be动词又出现了行为动词或者其它不同形式通常用so it is with或it‘s the same with.
例句:mary likes playing the piano,but she can\'t play it well
玛丽喜欢弹钢琴,但是弹的不怎么样
注意:so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词此句型表示赞同,“某人或某物确实如此”.-例句:you seem to like tea-so i do
四、省略了if的虚拟条件句
在if引导的虚拟条件句中,省略if,把had,were,should提到主语前面,构成半倒装
例句:Had i been informed earlier,i could have done something
如果我早点知道的话,我就会做点啥
as 引导的形式倒装在as引导的让步状语从句中,位于句首的可以是形容词,名词,副词,还可以是动词原形,从而形成从句的部分倒装,此处的as译为“虽然,即使”Tired as he was ,he continued the work虽然他累了,但是仍然继续工作